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LM2940/LM2940C 1A Low Dropout Regulator

July 2000

LM2940/LM2940C 1A Low Dropout Regulator
General Description
The LM2940/LM2940C positive voltage regulator features the ability to source 1A of output current with a dropout voltage of typically 0.5V and a maximum of 1V over the entire temperature range. Furthermore, a quiescent current reduction circuit has been included which reduces the ground current when the differential between the input voltage and the output voltage exceeds approximately 3V. The quiescent current with 1A of output current and an input-output differential of 5V is therefore only 30 mA. Higher quiescent currents only exist when the regulator is in the dropout mode (VIN - VOUT 3V). Designed also for vehicular applications, the LM2940/ LM2940C and all regulated circuitry are protected from reverse battery installations or 2-battery jumps. During line transients, such as load dump when the input voltage can momentarily exceed the specified maximum operating voltage, the regulator will automatically shut down to protect both the internal circuits and the load. The LM2940/ LM2940C cannot be harmed by temporary mirror-image insertion. Familiar regulator features such as short circuit and thermal overload protection are also provided.

Features
n n n n n n n Dropout voltage typically 0.5V @IO = 1A Output current in excess of 1A Output voltage trimmed before assembly Reverse battery protection Internal short circuit current limit Mirror image insertion protection P+ Product Enhancement tested

Typical Application

DS008822-3

to the regulator. This capacitor must be rated over the same operating temperature range as the regulator and the ESR is critical; see curve.

*Required if regulator is located far from power supply filter. **COUT must be at least 22 µF to maintain stability. May be increased without bound to maintain regulation during transients. Locate as close as possible

Ordering Information
Temperature Range 0°C TJ 125°C -40°C TJ 125°C -40°C TJ 85°C Output Voltage 5.0 LM2940CT-5.0 LM2940CS-5.0 LM2940T-5.0 LM2940S-5.0 LM2940IMP-5.0 LM2940T-8.0 LM2940S-8.0 LM2940IMP-8.0 8.0 9.0 LM2940CT-9.0 LM2940CS-9.0 LM2940T-9.0 LM2940S-9.0 LM2940IMP-9.0 LM2940T-10 LM2940S-10 LM2940IMP-10 10 12 LM2940CT-12 LM2940CS-12 LM2940T-12 LM2940S-12 LM2940IMP-12 LM2940IMP-15 15 LM2940CT-15 LM2940CS-15 Package TO-220 TO-263 TO-220 TO-263 SOT-223

LM2940IMPX-5.0 LM2940IMPX-8.0 LM2940IMPX-9.0 LM2940IMPX-10 LM2940IMPX-12 LM2940IMPX-15 SOT-223 in Tape and Reel SOT-223 Package Marking L53B L54B L0EB L55B L56B L70B

The physical size of the SOT-223 is too small to contain the full device part number. The package markings indicated are what will appear on the actual device.

Temperature Range -55°C TJ 125°C 5.0 LM2940J-5.0/883 5962-8958701EA LM2940WG5.0/883 5962-8958701XA 8.0

Output Voltage 12 LM2940J-12/883 5962-9088401QEA 15 LM2940J-15/883 5962-9088501QEA LM2940J-8.0/883 5962-9088301QEA

Package J16A WG16A

For information on military temperature range products, please go to the Mil/Aero Web Site at http://www.national.com/appinfo/milaero/index.html.

© 2000 National Semiconductor Corporation

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LM2940/LM2940C

Connection Diagrams
(TO-220) Plastic Package 3-Lead SOT-223

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Front View Order Number LM2940CT-5.0, LM2940CT-9.0, LM2940CT-12, LM2940CT-15, LM2940T-5.0, LM2940T-8.0, LM2940T-9.0, LM2940T-10 or LM2940T-12 See NS Package Number TO3B 16-Lead Dual-in-Line Package (J)

DS008822-42

Front View Order Part Number LM2940IMP-5.0, LM2940IMP-8.0, LM2940IMP-9.0, LM2940IMP-10, LM2940IMP-12 or LM2940IMP-15 See NS Package Number MP04A

16-Lead Ceramic Surface-Mount Package (WG)

DS008822-43 DS008822-44

Top View Order Number LM2940J-5.0/883 (5962-8958701EA), LM2940J-8.0/883 (5962-9088301QEA), LM2940J-12/883 (5962-9088401QEA), LM2940J-15/883 (5962-9088501QEA) See NS Package Number J16A

Top View Order Number LM2940WG5.0/883 (5962-8958701XA) See NS Package Number WG16A

(TO-263) Surface-Mount Package

DS008822-11

Top View

DS008822-12

Side View Order Number LM2940CS-5.0, LM2940CS-9.0, LM2940CS-12, LM2940CS-15, LM2940S-5.0, LM2940S-8.0, LM2940S-9.0, LM2940S-10 or LM2940S-12 See NS Package Number TS3B

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LM2940/LM2940C

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. LM2940S, T, MP 100 ms 60V LM2940CS, T 1 ms 45V Internal Power Dissipation (Note 2) Internally Limited Maximum Junction Temperature 150°C Storage Temperature Range -65°C TJ +150°C Lead Temperature, Time for Wave Soldering TO-220 (T) Package 260°C, 10s

TO-263 (S) Package SOT-223 (MP) Package ESD Susceptibility (Note 3)

260°C, 4s 260°C, 4s 2 kV

Operating Conditions (Note 1)
Input Voltage Temperature Range LM2940T, LM2940S LM2940CT, LM2940CS LM2940IMP LM2940J, LM2940WG 26V -40°C TJ 125°C 0°C TJ 125°C -40°C TJ 85°C -55°C TJ 125°C

Electrical Characteristics
VIN = VO + 5V, IO = 1A, CO = 22 µF, unless otherwise specified. Boldface limits apply over the entire operating temperature range of the indicated device. All other specifications apply for TA = TJ = 25°C. Output Voltage (VO) Parameter Conditions Typ 5V LM2940 Limit (Note 4) Output Voltage Line Regulation Load Regulation 5 mA IO 1A VO + 2V VIN 26V, IO = 5 mA 50 mA IO 1A LM2940, LM2940/883 LM2940C Output Impedance Quiescent Current 100 mADC and 20 mArms, fO = 120 Hz VO +2V VIN 26V, IO = 5 mA LM2940, LM2940/883 LM2940C VIN = VO + 5V, IO = 1A Output Noise Voltage Ripple Rejection 10 Hz - 100 kHz, IO = 5 mA fO = 120 Hz, 1 Vrms, IO = 100 mA LM2940 LM2940C fO = 1 kHz, 1 Vrms, IO = 5 mA Long Term Stability Dropout Voltage Short Circuit Current IO = 1A IO = 100 mA (Note 6) 0.5 110 1.9 0.8/1.0 150/200 1.6 0.7/1.0 150/200 1.5/1.3 0.5 110 1.9 0.8/1.0 150/200 1.6 0.7/1.0 150/200 1.6/1.3 20 32 mV/ 1000 Hr VMAX mVMAX AMIN 72 72 60/54 60 60/50 66 66 54/48 54 54/48 dBMIN dBMIN 150 700/700 240 1000/1000 µVrms 10 10 30 15/20 15 45/60 50/60 30 45/60 50/60 mAMAX 15/20 10 15/20 15/20 mAMAX 35 1000/1000 55 1000/1000 m 35 35 50/80 50 50/100 55 55 80/130 80 80/130 mVMAX 5.00 20 4.85/4.75 5.15/5.25 50 LM2940/883 Limit (Note 5) 4.85/4.75 5.15/5.25 40/50 20 8.00 Typ 8V LM2940 Limit (Note 4) 7.76/7.60 8.24/8.40 80 LM2940/883 Limit (Note 5) 7.76/7.60 8.24/8.40 50/80 VMIN VMAX mVMAX Units

6.25V VIN 26V

9.4V VIN 26V

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LM2940/LM2940C

Electrical Characteristics
Output Voltage (VO) Parameter Maximum Line Transient Conditions RO = 100 LM2940, T 100 ms

(Continued)

VIN = VO + 5V, IO = 1A, CO = 22 µF, unless otherwise specified. Boldface limits apply over the entire operating temperature range of the indicated device. All other specifications apply for TA = TJ = 25°C. 5V LM2940 Typ Limit (Note 4) 75 55 -30 -30 -75 -55 60/60 40/40 45 -15/-15 -15 -50/-50 -45/-45 -45/-45 -15/-15 55 -30 -30 -75 45 -15/-15 -15 -50/-50 -45/-45 VMIN -15/-15 VMIN LM2940/883 Limit (Note 5) 75 Typ 8V LM2940 Limit (Note 4) 60/60 40/40 LM2940/883 Limit (Note 5) Units

LM2940/883, T 20 ms LM2940C, T 1 ms Reverse Polarity DC Input Voltage Reverse Polarity Transient Input Voltage RO = 100 LM2940, LM2940/883 LM2940C RO = 100 LM2940, T 100 ms LM2940/883, T 20 ms LM2940C, T 1 ms

VMIN

Electrical Characteristics
VIN = VO + 5V, IO = 1A, CO = 22 µF, unless otherwise specified. Boldface limits apply over the entire operating temperature range of the indicated device. All other specifications apply for TA = TJ = 25°C. Output Voltage (VO) Parameter Conditions Typ 9V LM2940 Limit (Note 4) 10.5V VIN 26V Output Voltage Line Regulation Load Regulation 5 mA IO 1A VO + 2V VIN 26V, IO = 5 mA 50 mA IO 1A LM2940 LM2940C Output Impedance 100 mADC and 20 mArms, fO = 120 Hz Quiescent Current VO +2V VIN < 26V, IO = 5 mA LM2940 LM2940C VIN = VO + 5V, IO = 1A Output Noise Voltage Ripple Rejection 10 Hz - 100 kHz, IO = 5 mA fO = 120 Hz, 1 Vrms, IO = 100 mA LM2940 LM2940C Long Term Stability Dropout Voltage IO = 1A IO = 100 mA
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10V LM2940 Typ Limit (Note 4) 11.5V VIN 26V 10.00 20 9.70/9.50 10.30/10.50 100 VMIN VMAX mVMAX Units

9.00 20

8.73/8.55 9.27/9.45 90

60 60 60

90/150 90

65

100/165

mVMAX

65

m

10 10 30 270

15/20 15 45/60

10 30 300

15/20 45/60

mAMAX mAMAX µVrms

64 64 34 0.5 110
4

52/46 52

63 36

51/45

dBMIN mV/ 1000 Hr

0.8/1.0 150/200

0.5 110

0.8/1.0 150/200

VMAX mVMAX

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LM2940/LM2940C

Electrical Characteristics
Output Voltage (VO) Parameter Short Circuit Current Maximum Line Transient RO = 100 T 100 ms LM2940 LM2940C Reverse Polarity DC Input Voltage Reverse Polarity Transient Input Voltage RO = 100 LM2940 LM2940C RO = 100 T 100 ms LM2940 LM2940C

(Continued)

VIN = VO + 5V, IO = 1A, CO = 22 µF, unless otherwise specified. Boldface limits apply over the entire operating temperature range of the indicated device. All other specifications apply for TA = TJ = 25°C. 9V LM2940 Conditions (Note 6) Typ 1.9 Limit (Note 4) 1.6 1.9 Typ 10V LM2940 Limit (Note 4) 1.6 AMIN Units

75 55 -30 -30

60/60 45 -15/-15 -15

75

60/60

VMIN

-30

-15/-15

VMIN

-75 -55

-50/-50 -45/-45

-75

-50/-50

VMIN

Electrical Characteristics
VIN = VO + 5V, IO = 1A, CO = 22 µF, unless otherwise specified. Boldface limits apply over the entire operating temperature range of the indicated device. All other specifications apply for TA = TJ = 25°C. Output Voltage (VO) Parameter Conditions Typ 12V LM2940 Limit (Note 4) Output Voltage Line Regulation Load Regulation 5 mA IO 1A VO + 2V VIN 26V, IO = 5 mA 50 mA IO 1A LM2940, LM2940/883 LM2940C Output Impedance Quiescent Current 100 mADC and 20 mArms, fO = 120 Hz VO +2V VIN 26V, IO = 5 mA LM2940, LM2940/883 LM2940C VIN = VO + 5V, IO = 1A Output Noise Voltage Ripple Rejection 10 Hz - 100 kHz, IO = 5 mA fO = 120 Hz, 1 Vrms, IO = 100 mA LM2940 LM2940C fO = 1 kHz, 1 Vrms, IO = 5 mA
5

15V LM2940/833 Limit (Note 5) 11.64/11.40 12.36/12.60 75/120 20 15.00 Typ LM2940 Limit (Note 4) 14.55/14.25 15.45/15.75 150 LM2940/833 Limit (Note 5) 14.55/14.25 15.45/15.75 95/150 VMIN VMAX mVMAX Units

13.6V VIN 26V 12.00 20 11.64/11.40 12.36/12.60 120

16.75V VIN 26V

55 55 80

120/200 120

120/190 70 1000/1000 100 150

150/240

mVMAX

1000/1000

m

10 10 30 360

15/20 15 45/60

15/20 10 50/60 1000/1000 30 450 15 45/60

15/20 50/60 1000/1000

mAMAX mAMAX µVrms

66 66

54/48 54 52/46 64 52 48/42

dBMIN dBMIN

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LM2940/LM2940C

Electrical Characteristics
Output Voltage (VO) Parameter Long Term Stability Dropout Voltage Short Circuit Current Maximum Line Transient RO = 100 LM2940, T 100 ms LM2940/883, T 20 ms LM2940C, T 1 ms Reverse Polarity DC Input Voltage Reverse Polarity Transient Input Voltage RO = 100 LM2940, LM2940/883 LM2940C RO = 100 LM2940, T 100 ms LM2940/883, T 20 ms LM2940C, T 1 ms IO = 1A IO = 100 mA (Note 6) Conditions

(Continued)

VIN = VO + 5V, IO = 1A, CO = 22 µF, unless otherwise specified. Boldface limits apply over the entire operating temperature range of the indicated device. All other specifications apply for TA = TJ = 25°C. 12V LM2940 Typ Limit (Note 4) 48 0.5 110 1.9 0.8/1.0 150/200 1.6 0.7/1.0 150/200 1.6/1.3 LM2940/833 Limit (Note 5) 60 0.5 110 1.9 0.8/1.0 150/200 1.6 0.7/1.0 150/200 1.6/1.3 Typ 15V LM2940 Limit (Note 4) LM2940/833 Limit (Note 5) mV/ 1000 Hr VMAX mVMAX AMIN Units

75 55 -30 -30 -75 -55

60/60 40/40 45 -15/-15 -15 -50/-50 -45/-45 -45/-45 -55 -45/-45 -45/-45 VMIN -15/-15 -30 -15 55 45 -15/-15 VMIN 40/40 VMIN

Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Conditions are conditions under which the device functions but the specifications might not be guaranteed. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions see the Electrical Characteristics. Note 2: The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature, TJ, the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, J-A, and the ambient temperature, TA. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. The value of J-A (for devices in still air with no heatsink) is 60°C/W for the TO-220 package, 80°C/W for the TO-263 package, and 174°C/W for the SOT-223 package. The effective value of J-A can be reduced by using a heatsink (see Application Hints for specific information on heatsinking). The values of J-A and J-Cfor the K02A package are 39°C/W and 4°C/W respectively. Note 3: ESD rating is based on the human body model, 100 pF discharged through 1.5 k. Note 4: All limits are guaranteed at TA = TJ = 25°C only (standard typeface) or over the entire operating temperature range of the indicated device (boldface type). All limits at TA = TJ = 25°C are 100% production tested. All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control methods. Note 5: All limits are guaranteed at TA = TJ = 25°C only (standard typeface) or over the entire operating temperature range of the indicated device (boldface type). All limits are 100% production tested and are used to calculate Outgoing Quality Levels. Note 6: Output current will decrease with increasing temperature but will not drop below 1A at the maximum specified temperature.

Typical Performance Characteristics
Dropout Voltage Dropout Voltage vs Temperature Output Voltage vs Temperature

DS008822-13 DS008822-14 DS008822-15

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LM2940/LM2940C

Typical Performance Characteristics
Quiescent Current vs Temperature

(Continued)

Quiescent Current

Quiescent Current

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Line Transient Response

Load Transient Response

Ripple Rejection

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Low Voltage Behavior

Low Voltage Behavior

Low Voltage Behavior

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Low Voltage Behavior

Low Voltage Behavior

Low Voltage Behavior

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LM2940/LM2940C

Typical Performance Characteristics
Output at Voltage Extremes

(Continued)

Output at Voltage Extremes

Output at Voltage Extremes

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Output at Voltage Extremes

Output at Voltage Extremes

Output at Voltage Extremes

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Output Capacitor ESR

Peak Output Current

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LM2940/LM2940C

Typical Performance Characteristics
Output Impedance

(Continued)

Maximum Power Dissipation (TO-220)

Maximum Power Dissipation (TO-3)

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Maximum Power Dissipation (TO-263) See (Note 2)

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Equivalent Schematic Diagram

DS008822-1

Application Hints
EXTERNAL CAPACITORS The output capacitor is critical to maintaining regulator stability, and must meet the required conditions for both ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) and minimum amount of capacitance. MINIMUM CAPACITANCE: The minimum output capacitance required to maintain stability is 22 µF (this value may be increased without limit). Larger values of output capacitance will give improved transient response. ESR LIMITS: The ESR of the output capacitor will cause loop instability if it is too high or too low. The acceptable range of ESR plotted versus load current is shown in the graph below. It is essential that the output capacitor meet these requirements, or oscillations can result. Output Capacitor ESR

DS008822-6

FIGURE 1. ESR Limits It is important to note that for most capacitors, ESR is specified only at room temperature. However, the designer must ensure that the ESR will stay inside the limits shown over the entire operating temperature range for the design. For aluminum electrolytic capacitors, ESR will increase by about 30X as the temperature is reduced from 25°C to -40°C. This type of capacitor is not well-suited for low temperature operation. Solid tantalum capacitors have a more stable ESR over temperature, but are more expensive than aluminum electrolytics. A cost-effective approach sometimes used is to parallel

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LM2940/LM2940C

Application Hints

(Continued)

an aluminum electrolytic with a solid Tantalum, with the total capacitance split about 75/25% with the Aluminum being the larger value. If two capacitors are paralleled, the effective ESR is the parallel of the two individual values. The "flatter" ESR of the Tantalum will keep the effective ESR from rising as quickly at low temperatures. HEATSINKING A heatsink may be required depending on the maximum power dissipation and maximum ambient temperature of the application. Under all possible operating conditions, the junction temperature must be within the range specified under Absolute Maximum Ratings. To determine if a heatsink is required, the power dissipated by the regulator, PD, must be calculated. The figure below shows the voltages and currents which are present in the circuit, as well as the formula for calculating the power dissipated in the regulator:

If a manufactured heatsink is to be selected, the value of heatsink-to-ambient thermal resistance, (H-A), must first be calculated: (H-A) = (J-A) - (C-H) - (J-C) Where: (J-C) is defined as the thermal resistance from the junction to the surface of the case. A value of 3°C/W can be assumed for (J-C) for this calculation.

is defined as the thermal resistance between the case and the surface of the heatsink. The value of (C-H) will vary from about 1.5°C/W to about 2.5°C/W (depending on method of attachment, insulator, etc.). If the exact value is unknown, 2°C/W should be assumed for (C-H). When a value for (H-A) is found using the equation shown, a heatsink must be selected that has a value that is less than or equal to this number. (H-A) is specified numerically by the heatsink manufacturer in the catalog, or shown in a curve that plots temperature rise vs power dissipation for the heatsink. HEATSINKING TO-263 AND SOT-223 PACKAGE PARTS Both the TO-263 ("S") and SOT-223 ("MP") packages use a copper plane on the PCB and the PCB itself as a heatsink. To optimize the heat sinking ability of the plane and PCB, solder the tab of the package to the plane.

(C-H)

Figure 3 shows for the TO-263 the measured values of (J-A) for different copper area sizes using a typical PCB with 1 ounce copper and no solder mask over the copper area used for heatsinking.
DS008822-37

IIN = IL ч IG PD = (VIN - VOUT) IL + (VIN) IG

FIGURE 2. Power Dissipation Diagram The next parameter which must be calculated is the maximum allowable temperature rise, TR (max). This is calculated by using the formula: TR (max) = TJ(max) - TA (max) where: TJ (max) is the maximum allowable junction temperature, which is 125°C for commercial grade parts. TA (max) is the maximum ambient temperature which will be encountered in the application. Using the calculated values for TR(max) and PD, the maximum allowable value for the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, (J-A), can now be found: (J-A) = TR (max)/PD IMPORTANT: If the maximum allowable value for (J-A) is found to be 53°C/W for the TO-220 package, 80°C/W for the TO-263 package, or 174°C/W for the SOT-223 package, no heatsink is needed since the package alone will dissipate enough heat to satisfy these requirements. If the calculated value for (J-A)falls below these limits, a heatsink is required. HEATSINKING TO-220 PACKAGE PARTS The TO-220 can be attached to a typical heatsink, or secured to a copper plane on a PC board. If a copper plane is to be used, the values of (J-A) will be the same as shown in the next section for the TO-263.

DS008822-38

FIGURE 3. (J-A) vs Copper (1 ounce) Area for the TO-263 Package As shown in the figure, increasing the copper area beyond 1 square inch produces very little improvement. It should also be observed that the minimum value of (J-A) for the TO-263 package mounted to a PCB is 32°C/W. As a design aid, Figure 4 shows the maximum allowable power dissipation compared to ambient temperature for the TO-263 device (assuming (J-A) is 35°C/W and the maximum junction temperature is 125°C).

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LM2940/LM2940C

Application Hints

(Continued)

DS008822-40

DS008822-39

FIGURE 5. (J-A) vs Copper (2 ounce) Area for the SOT-223 Package

FIGURE 4. Maximum Power Dissipation vs TAMB for the TO-263 Package

Figure 5 and Figure 6 show the information for the SOT-223 package. Figure 6 assumes a (J-A) of 74°C/W for 1 ounce copper and 51°C/W for 2 ounce copper and a maximum junction temperature of 125°C.

DS008822-41

FIGURE 6. Maximum Power Dissipation vs TAMB for the SOT-223 Package

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LM2940/LM2940C

Physical Dimensions

inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted

3-Lead SOT-223 Package Order Part Number LM2940IMP-5.0 LM2940IMP-8.0 LM2940IMP-9.0 LM2940IMP-10 LM2940IMP-12 LM2940IMP-15 NS Package Number MP04A

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LM2940/LM2940C

Physical Dimensions

inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)

16 Lead Dual-in-Line Package (J) Order Number LM2940J-5.0/883 (5962-8958701EA), LM2940J-8.0/883 (5962-9088301QEA), LM2940J-12/883 (5962-9088401QEA), LM2940J-15/883 (5962-9088501QEA) See NS Package Number J16A

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LM2940/LM2940C

Physical Dimensions

inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)

16 Lead Surface Mount Package (WG) Order Number LM2940WG5.0/883 (5962-8958701XA) See NS Package Number WG16A

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LM2940/LM2940C

Physical Dimensions

inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)

3-Lead TO-220 Plastic Package (T) Order Number LM2940T-5.0, LM2940T-8.0, LM2940T-9.0, LM2940T-10, LM2940T-12, LM2940CT-5.0, LM2940CT-12 or LM2940CT-15 NS Package Number TO3B

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LM2940/LM2940C 1A Low Dropout Regulator

Physical Dimensions

inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)

3-Lead TO-263 Surface Mount Package (MP) Order Number LM2940S-5.0, LM2940S-8.0, LM2940S-9.0, LM2940S-10, LM2940S-12, LM2940CS-5.0, LM2940CS-12 or LM2940CS-15 NS Package Number TS3B

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